Block copolymers with improved overmolding adhesion

ABSTRACT

A thermoplastic elastomer composition is provided. The composition comprises a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer having at least two resinous endblocks of polymerized monovinyl aromatic compound and an elastomeric midblock of polymerized conjugated diene, a midblock plasticizer, and an ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer. The thermoplastic elastomer exhibits improved overmolding adhesion to polar matrices over compositions not containing the ethylene-acrylate polymer.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates to elastomers with good overmolding adhesion. In particular, this invention relates to elastomeric block copolymers with good adhesion to polar substrates such as polycarbonate or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).

Although elastomeric block copolymers are known to be compatible with polyolefins, their use on polar matrices/substrates, such as polycarbonate or ABS, has been limited due to poor compatibility between the block copolymer and the substrate. In particular, it is desirable in many instances to mold a soft rubber material directly onto a hard substrate, thus providing a soft cover. However, the use of many attractive soft, rubbery elastomers is limited due to incompatibility between the elastomer and the substrate. The rubber coating will not adhere well to the substrate and sloughs off with use. It would be desirable to have a soft, rubbery elastomeric copolymer that will adhere to hard substrates such as polycarbonate and ABS.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to provide a soft, rubbery elastomeric block copolymer composition which adheres well to hard substrates such as polycarbonate and ABS.

In accordance with this invention a composition is provided for a thermoplastic elastomer which comprises a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer having at least two resinous endblocks of polymerized monovinyl aromatic compound and an elastomeric midblock of polymerized conjugated diene, midblock plasticizer, and an ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Applicants have found that the combination of an ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer and a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer yields a thermoplastic elastomer composition with improved adhesion characteristics.

The elastomeric block copolymers suitable for use herein are known in the art, as disclosed for instance in Stevens et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,530 (Mar. 16, 1993), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The elastomeric block copolymers have at least two resinous endblocks of polymerized monovinyl aromatic compound, thus giving a resinous segment, and an elastomeric midblock of polymerized conjugated diene, thus giving an elastomeric segment. The copolymers can be linear, A-B-A, or radial.

Suitable monovinyl aromatic compounds are those having 8 to 20 carbon atoms as exemplified by styrene and styrene homologs such as alpha-methylstyrene and para-methylstyrene. Styrene is especially preferred. Suitable conjugated dienes include those having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Illustrative of such conjugated dienes are 1,3-butadiene (butadiene), 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene), 1-3-pentadiene (piperylene), 1,3-octadiene, and 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene. Preferred conjugated dienes are butadiene and isoprene, most preferably butadiene.

The molecular weight of the copolymer will generally be at least 50,000. For linear A-B-A polymers, the molecular weight will generally be within the range of 50,000 to 300,000. Actually, the upper limit is dictated by viscosity considerations and can be as high as can be tolerated and still be processable. The most preferred molecular weight for linear A-B-A copolymers is 50,000 to 185,000. With radial polymers, the molecular weight can be much higher since these polymers have a lower viscosity for a given total molecular weight. Thus, for radial polymers the molecular weight generally will be in the range of 50,000 to 1 million, preferably 100,000 to 500,000.

The block copolymer used in the present invention may be a single copolymer or a blend of copolymers. Adhesion has been seen to improve when the block copolymer of the present invention comprises at least one block copolymer having a molecular weight less than 75,000.

When used herein in reference to linear or A-B-A copolymers, the term "molecular weight" is the molecular weight as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) where the GPC system has been appropriately calibrated with polystyrene standards. The polymer in anionically polymerized linear polymers is essentially monodispersed and it is both convenient and adequately descriptive to report the peak molecular weight of the narrow molecular weight distribution observed. Such methods are well known and described in patents including U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,464, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Since styrene (as polystyrene) is used as the calibration standard, the measurement directly gives the absolute molecular weight of the styrene endblocks. Knowing the molecular weight and percentage of styrene present, the absolute molecular weight of the midblock segment can be calculated. The molecular weight is measured on an aliquot which is removed after the first step of the polymerization and then terminated to deactivate the initiator.

It is not as straightforward to measure the true molecular weight of a final coupled star or radial copolymer by using GPC. The star-shaped molecules do not separate and pass through the packed GPC columns in the same manner as do the linear polymers used for the calibration. Hence, the time of arrival at a UV or refractive index detector is not a good indicator of the molecular weight. Therefore, instead of GPC, light scattering techniques are used to measure the weight average molecular weight of a star copolymer. The sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent to a concentration of less than 1 gram of sample per 100 milliliters of solvent and then filtered directly into the light scattering cell using a syringe and porous membrane filters of less than 0.5 micron pore size. The light scattering measurements are performed as a function of scattering angle and of polymer concentration using standard procedures. The differential refractive index (DRI) of the sample is measured at the same wave length and in the same solvent used for the light scattering. This results in a molecular weight value which approximates the weight average molecular weight of the radial copolymer.

The elastomeric block copolymers utilized in this invention are hydrogenated to such a degree that the unsaturation of the elastomeric block is greatly reduced without significant change in unsaturation of the resinous block component. Generally, at least 90 percent of the unsaturation in the diene midblock is hydrogenated and no more than 25 percent, preferably less than 10 percent, of the aromatic unsaturation is hydrogenated. Such hydrogenation techniques are known in the art and disclosed, for instance, in Jones Reissue 27,145 (Jun. 22, 1971), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Since the block copolymers utilized in this invention are hydrogenated to remove the aliphatic unsaturation, they can be viewed as S-EB-S polymers, where the S refers to the monovinyl aromatic, generally styrene, endblocks and the EB represents ethylene/butylene, which is the structure resulting from the hydrogenation of polymerized 1,3-butadiene.

The composition of this invention contains in addition an ethylene-acrylate polymer which is compatible both with the elastomeric block copolymer and the hard substrate, such as polycarbonate or ABS. Where maleic anhydride or acrylate combinations are present, ethylene-acrylate polymers include copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-methacrylic acid, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. An ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer containing methyl acrylate has provided good results when used with the block copolymers utilized in the invention. An example of an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer is OPTEMA® TC-221 (Exxon), an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer containing approximately 30% w methyl acrylate and having a density of about 0.948 g/cc. An example of an ethylene-methyl acrylate terpolymer is IGETABOND® 7M (Sumitomo Chemical), an ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate terpolymer containing approximately 3% w glycidyl methacrylate and approximately 30% w methyl acrylate. IGETABOND® 7M has a density of about 0.964 g/cc. The acrylate content should be greater than 10% w.

A midblock plasticizer is included in the composition of the invention. The plasticizer used is an oil which is compatible with the elastomeric mid-block segment of the elastomeric block copolymer and which does not tend to go into the aromatic endblock portions to any significant degree. Thus, the oils can be viewed as paraffinic. Paraffinic oils which may be used in the elastomeric composition should be capable of being melt processed with other components of the elastomeric composition without degrading. Particularly important is the ability of the final composition to be melt extruded. An excellent oil is a white mineral oil available sold as DRAKEOL 34, available from the Pennreco Division of the Pennzoil Company. DRAKEOL 34 has a specific gravity of 0.864-0.878 at 51° C., a flashpoint of 238° C., and a viscosity of 370-420 SUS at 38° C. Suitable vegetable oils and animal oils or their derivatives may also be used as the plasticizer. Other suitable oils include hydrogenated materials, i.e. hydrogenated naphthenics. Materials which are initially aromatic in nature should be hydrogenated to the point where they exhibit no significant levels of aromatic unsaturation or at most, very low levels.

Although significantly enhanced adhesion is obtained with a composition of the above disclosed components, even greater improvement is seen with the addition of a polymer compatible with the midblock segment, the endblock segments, or both. Polypropylene is one such polymer. The composition of the invention contains 0 to 20 weight percent, preferably 5 to 15 weight percent, polypropylene.

A flow promoter, or endblock resin, may also be added. A flow promoter provides better "wet-out" of the thermoplastic elastomer and thus, better contact between the elastomer and the substrate, leading to improved adhesion. An example of a flow promoter which has produced good results is KRISTALEX® 1120 (Hercules). KRISTALEX® 1120 is a water-white, low-molecular-weight, thermoplastic hydrocarbon resin derived largely from α-methylstyrene. KRISTALEX® 1120 has a specific gravity of 1.07 at 25/25° C., a flashpoint of 236° C., and a viscosity of 50 stokes at 25° C. Flow promoter additions of 0 to 10 weight percent, preferably 3 to 10 weight percent, have provided good results.

Thus, the composition of this invention comprises the hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer, the ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer, and the oil. A preferred mix is 35 to 60 weight percent block copolymer, 15 to 45 weight percent oil, and 10 to 20 weight percent ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer, all percentages based upon the total weight of the combined additives. Polypropylene may be added, preferably at 3 to 10 weight percent. A flow promoter such as KRISTALEX® 1120 may also be added, preferably at 3 to 10 weight percent.

Generally, no crosslinking agents are used in the composition. This, of course, does not exclude the presence of materials such as stabilizers which are used for the normal purpose of stabilization. Suitable stabilizers are disclosed in St. Clair, U.S. Pat. No. 4,835,200 (May 30, 1989), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Particularly preferred are hindered phenols, particularly less volatile hindered phenols such as tetrakis methylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydrooxyhydrocinnamate)! methane sold by Ciba Geigy under the tradename IRGANOX® 1010 alone or in combination with a thiosynergist such as DLTDP (dilaurylthiodipropionate).

The invention is particularly useful for direct overmolding onto polar matrix/substrate materials such as polycarbonate or ABS. Potential uses include, without limitation, automotive instrument panels, knobs, buttons, pen/pencil grips, cellular phones, toothbrushes, handles, and tool grips. The composition may also be co-extruded, co-extrusion blowmolded, or double-injection molded. It is believed that overmolding onto a warm substrate and/or aging are helpful in improving adhesion.

EXAMPLES

Fourteen test compositions having varying amounts of block copolymer, oil, ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer, polypropylene, and flow promoter were prepared. First the block copolymer (in crumb form) and oil were mixed together either by hand or with a mixer. Once the oil was absorbed by the crumb, the remaining ingredients were added and the entire mixture was tumble-mixed. The mixture was then added to an extrusion hopper and feed to a co-rotating, intermeshing twin screw extruder. The mixture was extruded at 300 rpm and a melt temperature of 230° C. to 240° C. The extrudate was formed into pellets by strand cutting.

The injection molding machine used to make overmolding adhesion specimens was equipped with an insert mold which had the ability to mold two different thickness plaques. First, the desired substrate material (e.g., polycarbonate, ABS) was molded into 0.32 cm (0.125 inch) thick plaques. The insert mold was then modified to allow molding of a thicker plaque. A strip of masking tape was laid across one end of the premolded plaque parallel to the molding direction. The premolded substrate plaque was then placed back into the insert mold and the run composition was injected into the mold cavity, forming an approximately 0.25 cm (0.100 inch) thick covering over the substrate material.

The overmolded plaque was then cut perpendicular to the direction of flow into 2.54 cm (1 inch) wide strips for a 90° peel adhesion test. The area where the making tape was placed on the plaque acted as a site for gripping the compound portion of the overmolded plaque during testing.

Testing was conducted per ASTM D-903 with modifications made for specimen size (1"×6" as opposed to 1"×8") and test speed (2 inches/minute). Tests were conducted on an INSTRON® testing machine at ambient temperature (approximately 75° F.-78° F.). The initial peel (pli) and average peel (pli) were measured. The initial peel was measured at the point where the curve on the adhesion test curve suddenly changed slope due to the beginning of the peel. The average peel was the average of the substantially horizontal slope during the majority of the peel.

Example 1

A first set of test runs were conducted on compositions having either a medium or high molecular weight block copolymer and varied additions of ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer. The test run compositions and adhesion test results are given in Table 1.

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________         High MW                                                                              Low-Med MW        Ethylene-                                                                            Ethylene-                                        Block Block             Acrylate                                                                             Acrylate                                                                             Adhesion to ABS                                                                        Adhesion to PC.sup.7               Copolymer.sup.1                                                                      Copolymer.sup.2                                                                       Oil.sup.3                                                                          Polypropylene                                                                         Terpolymer.sup.4                                                                     Copolymer.sup.5                                                                      initial/average                                                                        initial/average                Comp                                                                               (% w) (% w)  (% w)                                                                              (% w)  (% w) (% w) (pli).sup.6                                                                            (pli)                          __________________________________________________________________________     1   42.5  --     42.5                                                                               15     --    --    0.1/0.1 0.1/0.1                        2   42.5  --     42.5                                                                               --     15    --    0.9/1.1 1.7/2.4                        3   42.5  --     42.5                                                                               --     .sup. 15.sup.8                                                                       --    0.5/0.6 1.1/1.1                        4   42.5  --     37.5                                                                               10     15    --    1.2/1.2 3.7/4.0                        5   42.5  --     42.5                                                                               --     --    15    0.7/0.7 4.2/4.0                        6   42.5  --     37.5                                                                               10     --    15    1.1/1.0 4.2/3.9                        7   --    54.2   20.8                                                                               10     --    15    1.2/1.7 5.9/5.8                        8   --    54.2   20.8                                                                               10     15    --    1.4/1.6 7.0/6.7                        __________________________________________________________________________      .sup.1 KRATON ® G1651 (Shell), a SEB-S block copolymer with a              molecular weight of about 181,000                                              .sup.2 KRATON ® G1650 (Shell), a SEB-S block copolymer with a              molecular weight of about 66,700                                               .sup.3 DRAKOL ® 34(Pennzoil), a white mineral oil with a specific          gravity of 0.864-0.878 at 51° C. and a viscosity of 370-420 SUS at      38° C.                                                                  .sup.4 IGETABOND ® 7M (Sumitomo Chemical), an ethyleneglycidyl             methacrylatemethyl acrylate terpolymer containing approximately 3% w           glycidyl methacrylate and approximately 30% w methyl acrylate                  .sup.5 OPTEMA ® TC221 (Exxon), an ethylenemethyl acrylate copolymer        containing approximately 30% w methyl acrylate                                 .sup.6 pli = pounds per linear inch                                            .sup.7 PC = polycarbonate                                                      .sup.8 The IGETABOND ® 7M was replaced with IGETABOND ® E, a           ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer containing approximately 12%          glycidy methacrylate                                                     

It can be seen that significantly improved adhesion is obtained with the addition of a ethylene-acrylate copolymer or terpolymer (Compositions 2-8). Still greater adhesion is seen when the composition contains polypropylene (Compositions 4 and 6-8). Note also that the use of less oil (Runs 4, and 6-8)and a higher melt flow copolymer (Compositions 7 and 8) tends to lead to higher and more uniform adhesion values.

Example 2

A second set of tests were conducted on compositions having varied copolymer mixtures and of flow promoter additions. The test run compositions and results of the adhesion tests are given in Table 2.

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                              Ethylene-                                                                            Adhesion                                                                            Adhesion                        Low MW                                                                               High MW                                                                              Functionalized                                                                             Styrenic    Acrylate                                                                             to ABS                                                                              to PC.sup.8                     Copolymer.sup.1                                                                      Coploymer.sup.2                                                                      Copolymer.sup.3                                                                       Oil.sup.4                                                                           Resin.sup.5                                                                        Polypropylene                                                                          Copolymer.sup.6                                                                      initial/avg                                                                         Initial/avg                                                                         MFI.sup.9             Comp (% w) (% w) (% w)  (% w)                                                                               (% w)                                                                              (% w)   (% w) (pli).sup.7                                                                         (pli)                                                                               (g/10                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                              min)                   6         37.5  --     37.5 --  10      15    1.1/1.0                                                                             4.2/3.9                                                                             0.75                   9   22.5  --    15     37.5 --  10      15    3.1/3.3                                                                             6.9/7.2                                                                             99.4                  10   15.0  --    22.5   37.5 --  10      15    3.9/4.0                                                                             6.4/6.9.sup.10                                                                      134.9                 11   15.0  22.5  --     37.5 --  10      15    2.1/2.7                                                                             7.9/7.9.sup.10                                                                      104.8                 12   16.5  25.0  --     37.5 --  10       8    2.0/2.0                                                                             6.2/7.0.sup.10                                                                      76.8                  13   16.4  24.6  --     41.0 --  10       8    1.7/2.1                                                                             8.0/7.9.sup.10                                                                      104.3                 14   20.9  13.9  --     33.8 7   9.4     15    6.6/7.2                                                                             8.2/8.8.sup.10                                                                      43.3                  __________________________________________________________________________      .sup.1 KRATON ® G1652 (Shell), a SEB-S block copolymer with a              molecular weight of about 50,000                                               .sup.2 KRATON ® G1651 (Shell), a SEB-S block copolymer with a              molecular weight of about 181,000                                              .sup.3 KRATON ® FG1901X (Shell), a maleated SEB-S block copolymer          (1.7% w maleic anhydride) with a molecular weight of about 50,000              .sup.4 DRAKOL ® 34 (Pennzoil), a white mineral oil with a specific         gravity of 0.864-0.878 at 51° C. and a viscosity of 370-420 SUS at      38° C.                                                                  .sup.5 KRISTALEX ® 1120 (Hercules), a low molecular weight styrenic        resin derived from methylstyrene                                               .sup.6 OPTEMA ® TC221 (Exxon), an ethylenemethyl acrylate copolymer        containing approximately 30% w methyl acrylate                                 .sup.7 pli = pounds per linear inch                                            .sup.8 PC = polycarbonate                                                      .sup.9 MFI = melt flow index at 230° C./2.16 kg                         .sup.10 Cohesive failure                                                 

It can be seen that improved flow of the compound is realized through use of a low to medium molecular weight block copolymer (Compositions 9-14), or functionalized block copolymer (Compositions 9 and 10), or endblock resin (Composition 14). The improved flow leads to improved overmolding adhesion to the ABS and polycarbonate.

While this invention has been described in detail for purposes of illustration, it is not construed as limited thereby but is intended to cover all changes and modifications within the spirit and scope thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising:a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer having at least two resinous endblocks of polymerized monovinyl aromatic compound and an elastomeric midblock of polymerized conjugated diene; a midblock plasticizer; an ethylene-acrylate polymer; a polypropylene; and a stabilizer.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said resinous endblocks comprise polymerized styrene and said elastomeric midblock comprises polymerized 1,3-butadiene hydrogenated to remove the aliphatic unsaturation, thus appearing as ethylene/butylene.
 3. A composition according to claim 2 whereinsaid block copolymer has a weight average molecular weight in the range of about 50,000 to about 500,000 and comprises 15-60 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer; said plasticizer is an oil and comprises 15-45 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer; said polypropylene comprises 5 to 15 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer; and said ethylene-acrylate polymer comprises 5-20 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer.
 4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein said block copolymer comprises at least one block copolymer having a weight average molecular weight less than 75,000.
 5. A composition according to claim 4 further comprising 3 to 10 weight percent styrenic resin having the characteristic of improving flow of the thermoplastic elastomer.
 6. A composition according to claim 4 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is a copolymer or terpolymer selected from ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-methacrylic acid, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
 7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer or terpolymer.
 8. A thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising:35 to 60 weight percent of a hydrogenated elastomeric linear block copolymer having at least two resinous endblocks of polymerized monovinyl aromatic compound and an elastomeric midblock of polymerized conjugated diene, said block copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 50,000; 15 to 45 weight percent white mineral oil; 5 to 20 weight percent of an ethylene-acrylate polymer; 3 to 10 weight percent styrenic resin; greater than 0 to 15 weight percent polypropylene; and a stabilizer.
 9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein said block copolymer comprises at least one block copolymer having a weight average molecular weight less than 75,000.
 10. A composition according to claim 8 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is a copolymer or terpolymer selected from ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-methacrylic acid, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
 11. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer or terpolymer.
 12. A process for improving adhesion of a thermoplastic elastomer to a polar matrix, said process comprising:mixing a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer having at least two resinous endblocks of polymerized monovinyl aromatic compound and an elastomeric midblock of polymerized conjugated diene with polypropylene and white mineral oil, thereby forming a first mixture; mixing an ethylene-acrylate polymer with said first mixture, thereby forming a second mixture; extruding said second mixture; molding a plaque comprising a polar polymer; and molding said extrudate onto said polar plaque.
 13. A process according to claim 12 wherein the polar polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.
 14. A process according to claim 12 further comprising injecting and molding said extrudate onto a warm plaque.
 15. A process according to claim 12 further comprising aging said extrudate molded polar plaque.
 16. A process according to claim 12 wherein the second mixture is co-extruded with the polar polymer.
 17. A process according to claim 12 wherein a styrenic resin are mixed with said first mixture along with said ethylene-acrylate polymer.
 18. A process according to claim 12 wherein said hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer comprises at least one block copolymer having a weight average molecular weight less than 75,000.
 19. A process according to claim 12 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is a copolymer or terpolymer selected from ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-methacrylic acid, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
 20. A process according to claim 19 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer or terpolymer.
 21. A thermoplastic elastomer made according to the process of claim
 12. 22. A thermoplastic elastomer according to claim 21 whereinsaid block copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and comprises 35 to 60 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer; said mineral oil comprises 15 to 45 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer; said ethylene-acrylate polymer comprises 5 to 20 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer; and said polypropylene comprises greater than 0 to 15 weight percent of said thermoplastic elastomer.
 23. A thermoplastic elastomer according to claim 22 further comprising 3 to 10 percent styrenic resin.
 24. A thermoplastic elastomer according to claim 23 wherein said hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer comprises at least one block copolymer having a weight average molecular weight less than 75,000.
 25. A thermoplastic elastomer according to claim 22 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is a copolymer or terpolymer selected from ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-methacrylic acid, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
 26. A thermoplastic elastomer according to claim 25 wherein the ethylene-acrylate polymer is an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer or terpolymer. 